Sir Wilfrid Laurier Education Guide

Louis Riel addresses the court during his trial for treason on 31 July 1885 (courtesy Library and Archives Canada/O.B. Buell/C-1879).

Laurier’s rise to prominence was closely tied to his vocal defence of Métis leader Louis Riel. Laurier first spoke out in 1874, when Riel was elected to Parliament and attended the House of Commons in Ottawa. Laurier again supported Riel in 1885, in the wake of the North-West Rebellion (also known as the North-West Resistance), after which Riel was convicted of treason and executed in November 1885. Riel’s conviction divided French and English Canadians. French Canadians saw Riel as a hero for defending Métis land, while to English Canadians he was largely considered a traitor who was responsible for the execution of Thomas Scott . DEFENDING LOUIS RIEL

Laurier continued to vocally oppose Riel’s execution through 1886. However, his defence of Riel was not based on compassion for Indigenous peoples, but on defending French Canadian history and culture, challenging the government’s authority and weakening the Conservative hold on power. Indeed, despite his accusations that Sir John A. Macdonald had contempt for the Métis and was responsible for the rebellion, Laurier’s own record on other Indigenous issues is decidedly negative.

Métis leader Louis Riel, ca. 1879-1885 (courtesy Library and Archives Canada/Duffin and Co./C-052177).

To access the Laurier Collection , visit lauriercollection.ca

Louis Riel : Métis leader and the founder of Manitoba, Riel was a controversial political figure even before the North-West Rebellion of 1885. Riel led the 1869-70 Red River Rebellion , which resulted in the founding of the province of Manitoba. Riel led two popular Métis governments before his execution in 1885 for high treason for his role in the North-West Rebellion, which sought title to lands promised to the Métis.

A modified version of this print of Laurier appeared in Vanity Fair London, 19 August 1897 (courtesy Library and Archives Canada/1990-497-6).

Thomas Scott : In 1870, during the Red River Rebellion, Louis Riel appointed a tribunal that convicted Irish Canadian Thomas Scott of treason. Scott’s death intensified hostility toward the Métis and enraged Protestants in Ontario, who held him up as a martyr and called for revenge against Riel.

Wilfrid Laurier in 1874, his first year as a Member of Parliament, and the same year he first spoke in defence of Riel (courtesy Library and Archives Canada/ William James Topley/PA-026430).

TWEET AS LAURIER With a 140-character limit, Twitter posts can share only the most important information. Imagine how Laurier might have used Twitter, if it had existed in his time, and reflect on events from his perspective. Research the North-West Rebellion , Louis Riel and Sunny Ways: the Speeches of Sir Wilfrid Laurier on the Laurier Collection . Identify five significant moments between 1874 and 1886 that relate to Laurier’s support for Riel. Using the Twitter Profile template, located in the Worksheets Package on the Laurier Collection , write five tweets from Laurier’s perspective. If you would like, include an image with each tweet. Include the date of your tweet, and ensure that it accurately reflects Laurier’s reactions and opinions toward the events. To complete Laurier’s Twitter profile, write a short biography, and add four followers who would have been active in politics at the time. 1. 2. 3. 4.

EXTENSION: After completing this activity, tweet your questions about Laurier, Riel or the North-West Rebellion to @CdnEncyclopedia (for real!) for an answer from our subject editors.

“If [I] had been on the banks of the Saskatchewan when the rebellion broke out…[I] would have taken up arms [myself] against the government…Riel’s execution was a judicial murder.”

6