Second World War Education Guide

Extension Activity (continued) Read and discuss the two statements below in a small group in your class. What is your opinion of governments officially recognizing the injustices of the past? With which statement from former Canadian prime ministers do you agree more? If you are more comfortable writing your response, record it in your notes or electronically.

Brian Mulroney in 1988: “Error is an ingredient of humanity. So, too, is apology and forgiveness. We have all learned from personal experience that, inadequate as apologies are, they are the only way we can cleanse the past, so that we may as best we can in good conscience face the future.”

Pierre Trudeau in 1984: “I do not see how I can apologize for some historic event to which we or these people in this House were not a party. We can regret that it happened. . . . I do not think it is the purpose of the government to right the past. It cannot rewrite history. It is our purpose to be just in our time, and that is what we have done in bringing in the Charter of Rights.”

/// Legacy and Consequences ///

Cenotaph Project The Cenotaph Project is an engaging activity giving students an opportunity to get to know the individual men and women who served, and in some cases died, in wartime by researching military service files available from Library and Archives Canada. Visit the Learning Tools page of the Canada at War website for full activity details, and step-by-step instructions on accessing unique primary source records and developing the research project.

The End of the War

The Second World War greatly impacted individual Canadians and the nation in many ways. More than 44,000 Canadians and Newfoundlanders were killed, and returning service people often found themselves without the necessary support to readjust to civilian life. Canadian military strength had grown exponentially since the interwar years. Women were increasingly employed in wartime industries, while many Canadians found their rights restricted due to internment and other wartime conditions. Canadian society had adapted to life during the war, and it would need to readapt to life during the postwar era. Create a chart and conduct research to discover how the country changed in the following areas below. Divide the class into five groups, each taking a different category. Students should try to include at least two to three point-form notes for each category, and each group can share their results with the class.

• Militarily (e.g., how did Canada’s navy and air force presence expand during the war?) • Economically (e.g., how did wartime industrial growth influence Canada’s economy?) • Politically (e.g., was new legislation established for returning service people?) • Socially (e.g., were new responsibilities and labour opportunities available for women?) • International relations (e.g., how did new global alliances shift Canada’s role in the postwar period?)

Victory Square Cenotaph, Vancouver, British Columbia. Photograph by Jennifer Mackenzie (courtesy Alamy #cyy45h).

Sources: Search The Canadian Encyclopedia ’s interactive timelines, including those related to immigration, politics and government, economy and labour, and the Second World War. Articles about the home front, external relations, the Canadian armed forces, and the Second World War are also good starting points. The Chronology of Canadian Military History exhibition on the Canadian War Museum website also provides additional information.

“ Most of us hadn’t had any consequential job at all before we joined the army. And so we had no background that we could draw upon to enhance our transition to civilian life. It was a tough haul. It wasn’t an easy transition from war to peace.” — A lan S haw , A rmy , from T he M emory P roject

EXTENSION Questions Consider what you’ve learned about the Second World War and discuss these questions in small groups or as a whole class: 1. Did Canada do the right thing by participating in the Second World War? 2. Is there such a thing as a “ just war ”?

JUST WAR:

a war that is seen as morally justifiable.

“I Used to think/Now I think” As a way of reflecting upon what you have learned about the Second World War and Canada’s experience, engage in an “I used to think/now I think” exercise. What did you previously think about Canada and its experiences at war? What do you think now? Write down a list of thoughts that show how your thinking about the war has changed. Once you have reflected, share your thinking with classmates in groups of four.

For additional resources and activities related to Canada’s participation in the Second World War, visit Canada1914-1945.ca .

12